• Home
  • NEW DAY MEDICINE
  • 7 (57) 2023
  • 39 -7 (57) 2023 — Giazova M.M., Sanoyeva M.J. — INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE BODY ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

39 -7 (57) 2023 — Giazova M.M., Sanoyeva M.J. — INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE BODY ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE BODY ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

Giazova M.M., Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Sanoyeva M.J. Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Resume

To date, there is no branch of medicine left that would not be affected by coronavirus infection, which means that there are no organs and systems that have not been affected and have not had pathology from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Usually, with viral infections, as the experience of the medical society has previously shown, virologists and immunologists were engaged, but with coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 penetrated so deeply and comprehensively into the body, that related experts simply could not help but touch upon the issues of studying and conducting scientific research in this direction. The study of the process of immunobiology of the body is important in the treatment of coronavirus infection and its complications. The need for knowledge of immunobiology is also determined by the possible introduction of new medical methods and technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of viral, in particular coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 infecting cells expressing surface receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2, develops active replication and release of the virus, pyroptosis occurs – damage to the molecular structure of cells, including ATP, nucleic acids and ASC oligomers. They are recognized by neighboring epithelial cells, endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages, causing the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (including IL-6, IP-10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α), MIP1β and MCP1). They attract monocytes, macrophages, and T cells to the site of infection, promoting further inflammation (with the attachment of IFNγ produced by T cells), a pro-inflammatory feedback loop is created, immune cells accumulate, pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced with the development of a cytokine storm, leading to multiple organ damage. In addition, the activity of SARS-CoV-2 is enhanced through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which further exacerbates damage to organs, including the nervous system and oral cavity.

For the treatment of symptoms and complications of coronavirus infection, it is important to take into account changes in immunity at the cellular and then at the systemic level, thereby creating conditions and certain therapy in the treatment of an infected organism and preventing the development of complications and deaths from COVID-19.

Keywords: Influence of immunobiological structures on the body, clinical course of coronavirus infection, changes in immunity at the cellular level.

First page

230

Last page

237

For citation: Giazova M.M., Sanoyeva M.J. – INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE BODY ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTI //New Day in Medicine 2023 7(57): 230-237 https://newdaymedicine.com/index.php/2023/07/31/l-283/

LIST OF REFERENCES:

  1. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020.
  2. Fehr A.R. Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods. Mol. Biol. 2015;1282:1–23.
  3. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 2020;5:536–544.
  4. Zhou, P. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579, 270–273 (2020).
  5. Andersen, K. G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W. I., Holmes, E. C. & Garry, R. F. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 (2020).
  6. Guan, W. J. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 (2020).
  7. Pung, R. et al. Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. Lancet 395, 1039–1046 (2020).
  8. Davlatov, S., Rakhmanov, K., Usarov, S., Yuldoshev, F., Xudaynazarov, U., & Tuxtayev, J. (2020). Inguinal hernia: Modern aspects of etiopathogenesis and treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12, 1912-1921. doi:10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.338
  9. Lauer, S. A. et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann. Intern. Med. https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-0504 (2020).
  10. Li, Q. et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1199–1207 (2020).
  11. Chan, J. F. et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 395, 514–523 (2020).
  12. Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497–506 (2020). This prospective study is the earliest to include an analysis of cytokine levels in severe and mild COVID-19, showing the presence of a cytokine storm analogous to that found for SARS-CoV infection.
  13. Chen G. et al. Clinical and immunologic features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J. Clin. Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci137244 (2020).
  14. Liu, Y. et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci. China Life Sci. 63, 364–374 (2020).
  15. Chen, N. et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395, 507–513 (2020).
  16. Teshaev, S.J., Baymuradov, R.R., Khamidova, N.K., Khasanova, D.A. (2020) Morphological parameters rat testes in normal conditions, with the background of chronic radiating disease and under the influence of an antiseptic stimulator. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12 (3), DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.676.
  17. Phan, L. T. et al. Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 872–874 (2020).
  18. Pan, Y., Zhang, D., Yang, P., Poon, L. L. M. Wang, Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30113-4 (2020).
  19. Kim, J. Y. et al. Viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in first two patients in Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 35, e86 (2020).
  20. Zou, L. et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1177–1179 (2020).

file

download