56 -10 (72) 2024 - Abutalipova O.U. - PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC

PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC

Abutalipova O.U. - Alfraganus University, Tashkent

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Cardiac physiology is the study of how the heart functions to maintain blood circulation and support overall health. The heart, a muscular organ, is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles, which ensure unidirectional blood flow. Deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the lungs for oxygenation, while oxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body. The heart's electrical system, governed by the sinoatrial (SA) node, controls rhythmic contractions, ensuring efficient pumping. The cardiac cycle consists of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation), working together to move blood. Cardiac output, a measure of how much blood the heart pumps per minute, depends on heart rate and stroke volume and increases during exercise. The autonomic nervous system and hormones like adrenaline regulate the heart’s activity, while coronary circulation delivers oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself. During physical exertion, the heart adapts by increasing blood flow to active muscles, ensuring the body receives adequate oxygen. Disruptions in cardiac function can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, or ischemic heart disease, where blocked coronary arteries reduce blood flow. Understanding cardiac physiology is essential for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular conditions, as it reveals how the heart works to sustain life through continuous circulation.

Keywords: blood circulation, coronary arteries, cardiac cycle, the membrane potential, repolarization.

First page

334

Last page

340

For citation:Abutalipova O.U. - PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC//New Day in Medicine 10(72)2024 334-340 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/10-72-2024

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