5 -10 (73) 2024 - Islomova M.T. - NEUROHORMONAL REGULATION OF APPETITE AND SATIETY IN RELATION TO OBESITY PHYSIOLOGY

NEUROHORMONAL REGULATION OF APPETITE AND SATIETY IN RELATION TO OBESITY PHYSIOLOGY

Islomova M.T. - Alfraganus University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Resume

The neurohormonal regulation of appetite and satiety is a complex process deeply intertwined with the physiology of obesity. Several hormones and neurotransmitters, primarily generated in the brain and gastrointestinal system, work in a coordinated manner to signal hunger or fullness, helping to maintain energy balance. Key players in this regulation include ghrelin, known as the "hunger hormone," which increases appetite and is typically elevated before meals. Conversely, leptin, produced by adipose (fat) cells, signals satiety to the brain, helping to reduce food intake once energy stores are sufficient. In individuals with obesity, these regulatory systems can become dysregulated, leading to altered responses to hunger and fullness cues. Leptin resistance, a condition in which the brain becomes less responsive to leptin’s signals, is commonly observed in obesity, reducing its effectiveness in curbing appetite. Similarly, insulin, another hormone that influences satiety, may become less effective in obesity, impacting glucose regulation and further complicating appetite control. The hypothalamus, a brain region critical for regulating energy intake, plays a central role in interpreting and responding to these hormonal signals. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin are also involved in the reward aspects of eating, often influencing food preferences and cravings, particularly for high-calorie foods. This reward pathway can override normal satiety signals, making it challenging to regulate food intake, especially in environments rich in highly palatable, calorie-dense foods. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into potential therapeutic approaches for obesity, including treatments aimed at restoring hormonal balance and improving the body's response to hunger and satiety cues.

Keywords: the gastrointestinal tract, the hypothalamus, ghrelin, leptin, lipodystrophy, the Janus kinase.

First page

22

Last page

27

For citation:Islomova M.T. - NEUROHORMONAL REGULATION OF APPETITE AND SATIETY IN RELATION TO OBESITY PHYSIOLOGY//New Day in Medicine 11(73)2024 22-27 https://https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/11-73-2024

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