206 -5 (79) 2025 - Ulugbekova G.J., Mamatova I.Yu. - THE ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ON M1 MACROPHAGES

THE ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ON M1 MACROPHAGES

Ulugbekova G.J., Mamatova I.Yu. - Andijan State Medical Institute

Resume

Macrophages are key cells of the innate immune system capable of polarizing into various phenotypes. This article focuses on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the activation and polarization of macrophages into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. The basic principles of TLRs as pattern recognition receptors are examined, as well as the specific influence of various TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9) and their signaling pathways on the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, co-stimulatory molecules, and other factors characterizing M1 macrophages. Particular attention is paid to the synergistic interaction of TLR signals with interferon-gamma in enhancing M1 polarization. The importance of understanding the role of TLRs in M1 polarization for the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies is emphasized.

M1 macrophages, Toll-like receptors, TLR, innate immunity, inflammation, macrophage polarization, signaling pathways, cytokines.

First page

1015

Last page

1017

For citation:Ulugbekova G.J., Mamatova I.Yu. - THE ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ON M1 MACROPHAGES//New Day in Medicine 5(79)2025 1015-1017 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/5-79-2025

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