13 -10 (84) 2025 - Salomov Sh.N., Muborakov H.M. - PEDIATRIC TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHALLENGES, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

PEDIATRIC TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHALLENGES, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Salomov Sh.N. - Andijan State Medical Institute

Muborakov H.M. - Andijan State Medical Institute

Shodmonova X.S. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Abdukodirova G.M. - Tashkent State Medical University

Alimov N.I. - Andijan State Medical Institute

Yaxshiboyeva G.O. - Andijan State Medical Institute

Resume

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune endocrine disorder that predominantly develops in childhood and adolescence, leading to absolute insulin deficiency and lifelong dependence on insulin therapy. Its global incidence is rising annually by 3–5%, with notable regional variations influenced by genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and lifestyle factors. Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of pediatric T1DM, with an emphasis on current therapeutic innovations and their implications for improving quality of life and reducing complications. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, clinical guidelines, and meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2025. Data were extracted on genetic predisposition, autoimmune markers, clinical features, management outcomes, and long-term complications. Special consideration was given to studies evaluating modern technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump therapy, and hybrid closed-loop systems. Results: Findings revealed that T1DM incidence is highest in Scandinavian countries and lowest in East Asia, with 20–30% of pediatric patients initially presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis. The most common clinical features included polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue, often accompanied by hyperglycemia and positive pancreatic autoantibodies (GAD65, IA-2, ZnT8). Intensive insulin therapy combined with CGM or insulin pump use significantly improved glycemic control, reduced hypoglycemia, and enhanced patient adherence. However, disparities in access to advanced technologies remain a major limitation, especially in low-resource settings. Conclusion: Pediatric T1DM is a complex condition with profound medical, psychosocial, and public health implications. Early diagnosis, individualized insulin therapy, family-centered education, and equitable access to modern technologies are essential to optimize clinical outcomes and prevent long-term complications. Addressing disparities in care delivery and integrating psychosocial support into management are critical priorities for improving the lives of children and adolescents living with T1DM.

Keywords: endocrinology, pediatrics, type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy, autoimmunity, management

First page

72

Last page

76

For citation:Salomov Sh.N., Muborakov H.M., Shodmonova X.S., Abdukodirova G.M., Alimov N.I., Yaxshiboyeva G.O. - PEDIATRIC TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHALLENGES, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES//New Day in Medicine 10(84)2025 72-76 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/10-84-2025

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