75 -10 (84) 2025 - Temurova N.B. - HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND JOINT CAPSULE IN OFFSPRING OF DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL MODELS

HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND JOINT CAPSULE IN OFFSPRING OF DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL MODELS

Temurova N.B. - Alfraganus University

Resume

Background: Maternal diabetes exerts profound systemic and developmental effects that extend beyond traditional metabolic targets to include the musculoskeletal system. The present study investigated the histological alterations of the synovial membrane and joint capsule in the offspring of diabetic experimental models, aiming to elucidate the intergenerational impact of diabetes on joint integrity and function. Methods: Synovial and joint capsule samples from diabetic and control offspring were analyzed using histological, immunohistochemical, and cytometric techniques. Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned at 8 µm thickness. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess tissue morphology; Safranin O and Picrosirius Red stains were used to evaluate glycosaminoglycan and collagen composition, respectively. Immunohistochemistry for GLUT1 was conducted following antigen retrieval in citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Flow cytometry and inflammatory scoring were employed to quantify cellular responses and synovitis severity. Results: Histopathological analysis revealed fibrous hyperplasia, accumulation of type III collagen, and disorganized extracellular matrix (ECM) within the joint capsule of diabetic offspring. Synovial membranes exhibited inflammatory infiltration, thickening, and reduced glycosaminoglycan content. GLUT1 expression was markedly elevated, indicating metabolic stress within synovial cells. Cellular profiling showed phenotypic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), with increased expression of CD90 and CD105, markers of tissue remodeling. Quantitative synovitis scoring confirmed enhanced inflammatory activity in diabetic models compared with controls. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that maternal hyperglycemia can induce long-lasting histological and biochemical alterations in offspring joint tissues, mediated by microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory remodeling. The involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors further suggests an intergenerational predisposition to musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis and limited joint mobility. The integration of histological and molecular data highlights the necessity for early monitoring of joint health in children born to diabetic mothers. Conclusion: The study underscores the systemic and transgenerational consequences of diabetes, revealing that maternal metabolic dysregulation alters the structural, vascular, and cellular architecture of joint tissues in offspring. Understanding these mechanisms paves the way for preventive strategies focusing on maternal glycemic control, anti-inflammatory therapies, and targeted rehabilitation protocols to mitigate joint deterioration.

Keywords: Maternal diabetes; Synovial membrane; Joint capsule; Histopathology; Offspring; Microvascular dysfunction; Extracellular matrix; GLUT1; Collagen remodeling; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; Osteoarthritis; Experimental model.

First page

423

Last page

433

For citation:Temurova N.B. - HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND JOINT CAPSULE IN OFFSPRING OF DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL MODELS//New Day in Medicine 10(84)2025 423-433 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/10-84-2025

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