145 -12 (86) 2025 - Ermatov I.S., Sattorov S.R. - CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, AND THE PROMISE OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN FOENICULUM VULGARE L.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, AND THE PROMISE OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN FOENICULUM VULGARE L.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Ermatov I.S. - Xinjiang Medical university, School of Pharmacy, Urumqi, 830011, PR China

Sattorov S.R. - Xinjiang Medical university, School of Pharmacy, Urumqi, 830011, PR China

Sumairemu S. - Xinjiang Medical university, School of Pharmacy, Urumqi, 830011, PR China

Yasen M. - Xinjiang Medical university, School of Pharmacy, Urumqi, 830011, PR China

Mustafaev U.G. - Xinjiang Medical university, School of Pharmacy, Urumqi, 830011, PR China

Resume

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel), a prominent member of the Apiaceae family, is a versatile plant with a rich history in traditional medicine systems worldwide. This review provides a critical and up-to-date analysis of the phytochemical composition and the broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of F. vulgare. The plant's bioactivity is attributed to its diverse array of secondary metabolites, including phenylpropenes (trans-anethole, estragole), monoterpenes (fenchone, limonene), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), phenolic acids, and fatty acids. Modern scientific investigations have validated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and estrogen-like effects. Emerging evidence also highlights its anticancer potential through mechanisms such as apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. A significant advancement in the field is the application of nanotechnology for the encapsulation and targeted delivery of fennel bioactives, which enhances their bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. This review consolidates recent findings from 2020 to the present, addressing the pharmacological mechanisms, safety profile, and potential drug interactions. It also concludes by identifying an important gap in the literature – the unexplored peptide profile of fennel – and proposes that the isolation and characterization of these peptides represent a vital future direction for research.

Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare, fennel, essential oil, trans-anethole, phytochemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology, clinical evidence, safety.

First page

813

Last page

823

For citation:Ermatov I.S., Sattorov S.R., Sumairemu S., Yasen M., Mustafaev U.G. - CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, AND THE PROMISE OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN FOENICULUM VULGARE L.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW//New Day in Medicine 12(86)2025 813-823 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/12-86-2025

List of References

1. Badgujar, S. B., Patel, V. V., Bandivdekar, A. H. (2020). Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. BioMed Research International, 2020, 8034726.
2. Rather, M. A., Dar, B. A., Sofi, S. N., Bhat, B. A., Qurishi, M. A. (2020). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(11), 7911-7926.
3. Díaz-Maroto, M. C., Pérez-Coello, M. S., Cabezudo, M. D. (2020). Effect of drying method on the volatiles in bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(3), 922-928.
4. Sharopov, F., Valiev, A., Satyal, P., Gulmurodov, I., Yusufi, S., Setzer, W. N., Habasi, M. (2020). Cytotoxicity of the essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) from Tajikistan. Foods, 9(11), 1584.
5. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M., Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). Therapeutic effects of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and its active constituent, trans-anethole, on metabolic and hormonal disorders: A review. Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), 2167-2182.
6. Zoubiri, S., Baaliouamer, A. (2021). Extraction of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil using supercritical CO₂: Influence of process parameters on yield and composition. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 167, 105041.
7. Albert-Puleo, M. (2020). Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 258, 112891.
8. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2021). Scientific opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of estragole in food. European Food Safety Authority Journal, 19(1), 6345.
9. Ostad S. N., Soodi, M., Shariffzadeh, M., Khorshidi, N., Marzban, H. (2020). The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 252, 112566.
10. Toma, C. C., Olah, N. K., Vlase, L., Mogoșan, C., & Ielciu, I. (2020). Comparative studies on polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. extracts. Farmacia, 68(1), 130-137.

    file

    download