68 -8 (94) 2026 - Mamatkobilova S.Sh., Normurodova N.M. - CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTAL CHANGES IN RH-NEGATIVE PREGNANCIES

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTAL CHANGES IN RH-NEGATIVE PREGNANCIES

Mamatkobilova S.Sh., Normurodova N.M. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Resume

Background: Rh incompatibility remains an important cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), despite the introduction of prophylactic anti-D immunoglobulin. The placenta plays a central role in mediating and reflecting the pathological processes associated with maternal alloimmunization. Objective: This review aimed to summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinicopathological features of placental changes in Rh-negative pregnancies and to evaluate their clinical consequences. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Articles addressing placental morphology, clinical outcomes, and pathogenesis in Rh-negative pregnant women were included. Results: The incidence of Rh isoimmunization has declined in high-resource settings but remains significant in low-resource countries. Etiologically, maternal sensitization due to fetomaternal hemorrhage and subsequent production of anti-D antibodies are central mechanisms. Pathogenesis involves IgG-mediated fetal hemolysis, leading to anemia, hypoxia, and compensatory placental changes. Morphological alterations include villous edema, trophoblastic hyperplasia, increased Hofbauer cells, and perivillous fibrin deposition. Clinically, outcomes range from mild neonatal jaundice to severe hydrops fetalis, intrauterine death, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Conclusion: Placental pathology in Rh-negative pregnancies provides important insights into disease severity and fetal compromise. Recognizing these changes supports early risk stratification and targeted interventions. Future studies should explore molecular markers of placental injury and strategies tailored for resource-limited settings.

Keywords; Rh incompatibility; Rh-negative pregnancy; placenta; alloimmunization; hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn; clinicopathology; villous edema; trophoblastic hyperplasia; hydrops fetalis; perinatal outcomes

First page

498

Last page

507

For citation:Mamatkobilova S.Sh., Normurodova N.M. - CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTAL CHANGES IN RH-NEGATIVE PREGNANCIES//New Day in Medicine 8(94)2026 498-507 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/8-94-2026

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