76 -8 (94) 2026 - Fayziyev Y.Q., Qurbonov O.M. - MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Fayziyev Y.Q., Qurbonov O.M. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Resume

Background. Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remains one of the commonest lethal chemical injuries worldwide, accounting for an estimated 28 900 unintentional deaths and 1.18 million years of life lost in 2021. Although the brain and the myocardium dominate the clinical literature, the lung is simultaneously the portal of entry, the organ of elimination and a target tissue, and the morphology of CO-induced pulmonary injury remains comparatively poorly systematised. Objective. To synthesise the evidence published over the last decade on the macroscopic, microscopic, morphometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of pulmonary complications after acute CO poisoning and to define the structural correlates of their clinical phenotypes. Methods. A narrative review was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and eLIBRARY for the period 2015–2026, complemented by seminal earlier work. Fifty sources - clinical cohorts, forensic autopsy series, rodent inhalational models and diagnostic syntheses - were analysed and organised by level of biological organisation and by time after exposure. Results. The evidence describes a reproducible two-phase trajectory. An early vascular–exudative phase (microcirculatory congestion and stasis, increased alveolar–capillary permeability, interstitial and alveolar oedema, diapedetic haemorrhage, bronchiolar epithelial desquamation) is followed, in survivors, by a delayed phase in which macrophage-driven inflammation, apoptosis, extracellular-matrix remodelling, emphysematous alveolar destruction and focal fibrosis predominate. Pulmonary oedema (80%), emphysematous change (42%) and haemorrhage (27%) are the commonest autopsy findings, and they correlate poorly with blood carboxyhaemoglobin. Morphometry and the paired markers CD68 and caspase-3 quantify the two components; age markedly modifies both severity and reversibility. Conclusion. CO-induced lung injury is a staged, quantifiable morphological process; combined morphometric and immunohistochemical assessment should be standardised for diagnostic, forensic and experimental use.

Keywords: carbon monoxide poisoning; lung; alveolar damage; pulmonary oedema; emphysema; morphometry; CD68; caspase-3; immunohistochemistry; forensic pathology.

First page

555

Last page

574

For citation:Fayziyev Y.Q., Qurbonov O.M. - MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: A LITERATURE REVIEW//New Day in Medicine 8(94)2026 555-574 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/8-94-2026

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