71 -3 (89) 2026 - A.B. Medetbekova, N.R. Rakhmetov, M.R. Rysuly, M.S. Al-Astal - EXOSOMES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY: CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

EXOSOMES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY: CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

A.B. Medetbekova - Kazakhstan Medical University " School of Public Health", Kazakhstan, Almaty.

N.R. Rakhmetov - Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Department of Internship and Residency in Surgery

M.R. Rysuly - Kazakh Scientific Center for Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

M.S. Al-Astal - Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Kazakhstan, Almaty. *Corresponding author

Resume

Introduction: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 150 nanometers. They are actively secreted by virtually all cell types. The structure of exosomes includes proteins, lipids, mRNA, and microRNA. They are involved in the regulation of many biological processes throughout the body. Exosomes are also capable of overcoming the biological barriers of the eye and delivering therapeutic agents. Consequently, exosomes are of particular interest to ophthalmology. This article will analyze clinical and experimental data on the use of exosomes in ophthalmology. Objective: to analyze current literature data on the possibility of using exosomes in ophthalmology and the prospects for their use to strengthen the sclera. Methods: This study was conducted in the format of an analytical review of the literature on the current state of research on exosomes and their use in ophthalmology. The review methodology was based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and analysis of experimental studies. The search and selection of publications was carried out using international and national information platforms such as PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, WIPO Patentscope, Espacenet, Google Patents, Lens.org, Scopus, and Web of Science. For an in-depth analysis of the cited works, publications on the Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, and Frontiers Media platforms were analyzed. Biomedical databases such as Gene Expression Omnibus, miRbase, UniProt, and KEGG were also used to interpret molecular and biological targets ( ). Results: Exosomes have anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and neuroprotective properties. Preliminary preclinical studies have demonstrated their positive effect on corneal repair, increased tear production, restoration of retinal function, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). The main advantages of exosomes include biocompatibility, virtually no risk of immune reactions, and the ability to transport therapeutic molecules. Limitations to their implementation in general clinical practice, particularly in ophthalmology, are related to the lack of standardized methods for isolation, purification, and storage, as well as insufficient data from long-term clinical studies. Conclusions: Exosomes represent a promising direction in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Further research, standardization of technologies, and large-scale clinical trials are necessary for their introduction into clinical practice. Of particular interest is their potential use in strengthening the sclera to control progressive myopia

Keywords: exosomes, exosome therapy, ophthalmology, myopia, myopia control.

First page

440

Last page

445

For citation:A.B. Medetbekova, N.R. Rakhmetov, M.R. Rysuly, M.S. Al-Astal - EXOSOMES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY: CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH//New Day in Medicine 3(89)2026 440-445 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/3-89-2026

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