49 -5 (91) 2026 - Radjabova Z.S. - MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE COLON INDUCED BY COMBINED INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 AIR POLLUTION AND TOBACCO SMOKE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE COLON INDUCED BY COMBINED INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 AIR POLLUTION AND TOBACCO SMOKE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Radjabova Z.S. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Resume

Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and tobacco smoke represents a major global environmental and public health problem. While respiratory and cardiovascular effects of these pollutants are well documented, increasing evidence suggests that inhaled pollutants exert systemic effects, including significant impact on the gastrointestinal tract. The colon, as a key barrier and immunological organ, appears particularly vulnerable to chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress–mediated damage. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies indicate that PM2.5 exposure and cigarette smoking are associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity, goblet cell depletion, crypt architectural distortion, inflammatory infiltration, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Importantly, combined exposure to PM2.5 and tobacco smoke may exert synergistic effects, amplifying oxidative stress, epithelial apoptosis, and pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways. This review summarizes current evidence (2020–2025) on morphological alterations of the colon induced by PM2.5 and tobacco smoke, discusses underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, and highlights knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.

Keywords: PM2.5, tobacco smoke, colon morphology, intestinal barrier, inflammation, gut microbiota.

First page

291

Last page

296

For citation:Radjabova Z.S. - MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE COLON INDUCED BY COMBINED INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 AIR POLLUTION AND TOBACCO SMOKE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW//New Day in Medicine 5(91)2026 291-296 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/5-91-2026

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