67 -11 (85) 2025 - Yanchenko S.V., Odilova G.R. - MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Yanchenko S.V. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Odilova G.R. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Bekmurodova O.K. - Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sina

Malyshev A.V. - Maykop State Technological University, Adigeya Republic

Usov A.V. - Branch of the S. N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center “Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Complex ‘Eye Microsurgery”

Resume

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early and preclinical stages of DR are particularly challenging, as structural fundus changes are not yet visible, while microvascular and neurodegenerative alterations have already begun. This literature review summarizes current advancements in identifying diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers of DR using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, perimetry, and other functional methods. Key biomarkers discussed include morphometric characteristics of the foveal avascular zone, capillary plexus parameters, vessel density metrics, fractal dimension, microaneurysm detection, and structural changes in the inner and outer retinal layers reflecting early neurodegeneration. The review also highlights the potential value of ocular surface assessment—including tear film stability, conjunctival microcirculation, and meibomian gland morphology—as supplementary biomarkers of early DR. The findings emphasize the need for integrated biomarker panels combining structural, functional, molecular, and microcirculatory indicators to enhance the accuracy of screening, early diagnosis, and disease monitoring.

Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; preclinical retinopathy; biomarkers; OCT; OCT angiography; foveal avascular zone; vessel density; microcirculation; neurodegeneration; capillary plexuses; screening; diagnostics.

First page

404

Last page

414

For citation:Yanchenko S.V., Odilova G.R., Bekmurodova O.K., Malyshev A.V., Usov A.V. - MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY//New Day in Medicine 11(85)2025 404-414 https://newdayworldmedicine.com/en/new_day_medicine/11-85-2025

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